BMW 7 Series: Introduction
BMW Steering Systems - Innovative and technically always something special
Since the introduction of the first EPS electric power steering system on the E85 in 2002, the variety of technical innovations on steering systems has rapidly expanded. Before then the following systems were used:
- Hydraulic power steering
- Speed-sensitive power steering (Servotronic)
The next major step with steering systems then came with the E60 and the revolutionary Active Steering system, which not only had the Servotronic function but also incorporated speed-sensitive modulation of the steering angle.
BMW also improved the electric power steering (EPS) system and used it in a variety of forms.
The main difference between hydraulic and electric power steering is in the method of generating the power assistance force that reduces the amount of force that the driver has to apply to the steering wheel.
In order to further inventively optimize the advantages of Active Steering on the new 7 Series, Integrated Active Steering has now been developed and is described in this document.
Current BMW Steering Systems
BMW STEERING SYSTEM DESCRIPTION CHART
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System Overview
Integrated Active Steering
General Details
Integrated Active Steering is an innovative and logical development of the
Active Steering system developed by
BMW.
With Active Steering, a steering angle
Functions
Steering Systems
Implementation of the Integrated Active Steering function has essentially
been made possible by the new ICM
system complex on the F01/F02.
The Servotronic function including valve c
Higher-level Dynamic Handling Control
Centralized Dynamic Handling Control
The interventions by the dynamic handling control systems are performed with
the aim of improving agility and
traction. Quite obviously, they also re-stabilize th
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Cleaning Evaporator
WARNING: When handling cleaning agent, observe following
protective measures:
Wear protective rubber gloves and protective goggles.
If cleaning agent comes into contact with eyes or skin, wash immediately
with lots of water.
Comply with NOTES AND INSTRUCTIONS ON HANDLING CLEANING
AGENTS.
A new sp
Instructions For Opening Contacts And Locks Of Different Plug
Contact Systems
Notes
SPECIAL TOOLS DESCRIPTION CHART
IMPORTANT: The contacts can be changed on ultrasonically welded plugs (1).
Ultrasonically welded plugs (1) must be replaced completely.
Ultrasonic-welded connectors (1) can be identified by the welds (2) on their
longitudinal side.
Fig. 3: Identifying Ultra
